Science update – Loss and Damage – Climate Change Today and under Future Scenarios

IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report noted that climate has changed since pre-industrial times. The changes since the mid-20th century are ‘very likely’ due to human activities, in particular those that lead to greenhouse-gas emissions. Many regions and countries have characteristics that make them vulnerable to the effects of climate change, which include increasing land and ocean temperatures, sea level rise, and the increase in frequency and severity of several extreme weather events.